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TAVI/TAVR

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What is TAVR?

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) is a minimally invasive procedure used to replace a narrowed aortic valve in the heart with a new, artificial valve. It is typically used for patients with aortic stenosis who are at high risk for traditional open-heart surgery or who are not candidates for surgery.

Why is TAVR performed?

TAVR is performed to treat aortic stenosis, a condition where the aortic valve is narrowed and obstructs blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. This can lead to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. TAVR aims to relieve these symptoms and improve heart function.

How is the TAVR procedure performed?

The procedure involves:

  1. Preparation: You may need to fast for several hours before the procedure. You’ll be given sedation or general anesthesia.
  2. Access: A catheter is inserted through a blood vessel, usually in the groin (femoral artery), though other access points like the chest may be used.
  3. Valve Delivery: The catheter is guided to the heart, and the new valve is positioned inside the narrowed aortic valve.
  4. Valve Deployment: The new valve is expanded, pushing the old valve aside and taking over its function.
  5. Completion: The catheter is removed, and the insertion site is closed.

What are the benefits of TAVR?

The benefits include:

  • Minimally Invasive: It involves smaller incisions compared to open-heart surgery.
  • Shorter Recovery Time: Most patients experience a quicker recovery and shorter hospital stay.
  • Reduced Surgical Risk: It is often preferred for patients who are at high risk for traditional surgery.

What are the risks associated with TAVR?

Risks include:

  • Bleeding: At the catheter insertion site or internally.
  • Infection: At the insertion site or in the heart.
  • Valve Complications: Issues with the new valve, such as leakage or malposition.
  • Stroke: Due to blood clots or other factors.
  • Heart Rhythm Issues: New or worsening arrhythmias.

How long does the procedure take?

The TAVR procedure typically takes about 1-2 hours. However, including preparation and recovery time, you may spend a longer period in the hospital.

What happens immediately after the procedure?

You will be monitored in a recovery area or intensive care unit to ensure there are no complications. Most patients are observed for a few days before being discharged, though the exact duration depends on individual recovery.

What are the recovery and aftercare instructions?

The recovery and aftercare instructions include:

  • Activity: You may need to avoid strenuous activities for a few weeks.
  • Medications: You will likely be prescribed medications, including blood thinners.
  • Wound Care: Follow instructions for caring for the catheter insertion site.
  • Follow-Up: Regular follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor the function of the new valve and your overall health.

How will I know if the TAVR procedure was successful?

Your doctor will assess the success of the procedure using follow-up tests, including echocardiograms or imaging studies. They will also evaluate your symptoms and overall heart function.

Can TAVR be performed if I have other heart conditions?

TAVR can often be performed alongside other treatments or interventions for additional heart conditions, depending on the specific circumstances. Your cardiologist will assess your overall health and determine the best approach for your treatment.

How does TAVR compare to traditional open-heart surgery?

The comparison includes:

  • Invasiveness: TAVR is less invasive than open-heart surgery, which typically requires a large chest incision.
  • Recovery Time: Recovery is generally quicker with TAVR.
  • Surgical Risk: TAVR may be preferable for patients who are at high risk for traditional surgery due to age or other health issues.

What are the long-term outcomes of TAVR?

TAVR has been shown to improve symptoms and quality of life for many patients. The long-term outcomes, including valve durability and the need for additional procedures, are actively studied and monitored. Your healthcare provider will discuss the expected outcomes based on your specific situation.