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Aortic stenosis

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What is Aortic Stenosis and Who Needs a TAVR?

Aortic stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the aortic valve, which is the valve that regulates blood flow from the heart's left ventricle into the aorta, the main artery supplying blood to the body. This narrowing can obstruct blood flow and lead to various complications.

Causes

  • Congenital Heart Defect: Some people are born with aortic valves that have two leaflets instead of the normal three (bicuspid aortic valve).
  • Age-Related Calcification: In older adults, calcium deposits can build up on the valve, leading to stiffening and narrowing.
  • Rheumatic Fever: A complication of untreated strep throat that can damage heart valves.

Symptoms

Symptoms often develop gradually and may include:

  • Chest Pain (Angina): Especially during physical exertion.
  • Shortness of Breath: With activity or at rest.
  • Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired.
  • Heart Palpitations: Irregular heartbeats.
  • Dizziness or Fainting: Particularly during exertion.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is TAVR?
A: TAVR is a minimally invasive procedure used to replace a narrowed aortic valve in patients with aortic stenosis. It involves inserting a new valve via a catheter, usually through the femoral artery in the leg.

Q: Who is a candidate for TAVR?
A: TAVR is typically recommended for patients who are considered high-risk or intermediate-risk for traditional open-heart surgery. It is also an option for patients who are not candidates for surgery due to age or other health issues.

Q: How is the procedure performed?
A: TAVR involves:

  • Inserting a catheter through a blood vessel (often in the leg).
  • Guiding the catheter to the heart.
  • Deploying a collapsible replacement valve, which is expanded within the diseased aortic valve.

Q: Is TAVR a safe procedure?
A: TAVR is generally safe, with a lower risk of complications compared to traditional surgery. However, as with any medical procedure, there are risks, including bleeding, infection, and valve-related complications.

Q: What is the recovery time after TAVR?
A: Recovery varies by individual but typically involves a hospital stay of 1 to 3 days. Many patients can return to normal activities within a few weeks.

Q: What are the benefits of TAVR?
A: Benefits of TAVR include:

  • Minimally invasive approach with less pain and a shorter recovery time.
  • Lower risk of complications compared to open-heart surgery.
  • Improved quality of life and relief from symptoms of aortic stenosis.

Q: Are there any risks or complications associated with TAVR?
A: Yes, potential risks include:

  • Stroke.
  • Heart rhythm problems.
  • Valve leakage.
  • Blood vessel damage.
  • Kidney injury.

Q: How long does a TAVR valve last?
A: TAVR valves are designed to last several years, typically around 5 to 10 years or more, depending on individual factors and valve type.

Q: What follow-up care is needed after TAVR?
A: Patients will need regular follow-up appointments to monitor heart function and overall health. Doctors may recommend echocardiograms and other tests to assess the new valve.

Q: Can TAVR be performed more than once?
A: Yes, if necessary, a patient can undergo TAVR again in the future, but the decision will depend on individual health factors and the condition of the existing valve.

If you have any more questions or need further details about TAVR, feel free to ask!