What is an IVC filter?
An IVC filter is a small, cage-like device inserted into the inferior vena cava, the large vein that carries blood from the lower body to the heart. Its purpose is to catch and trap blood clots that might otherwise travel to the lungs and cause a pulmonary embolism.
Why is an IVC filter placed?
An IVC filter is typically placed when:
- Patients are at high risk for pulmonary embolism: Especially if they cannot take anticoagulant medications or if those medications are ineffective.
- Anticoagulants are contraindicated: For patients with conditions or complications where blood thinners cannot be used safely.
- Recurrent clots: In cases where patients have recurrent blood clots despite being on anticoagulants.
How is the IVC filter placement procedure performed?
The procedure involves:
- Preparation: You may need to fast for a few hours before the procedure. The procedure is often done under local anesthesia with sedation or general anesthesia.
- Catheter Insertion: A catheter is inserted through a small incision, usually in the groin or neck, and guided to the inferior vena cava using imaging techniques such as X-rays or ultrasound.
- Filter Placement: The IVC filter is deployed from the catheter and positioned in the inferior vena cava. Once in place, the catheter is removed, and the filter expands to fit the vessel.
- Completion: The insertion site is closed, and the patient is monitored for any immediate complications.
What should I expect during the procedure?
You might experience some pressure or mild discomfort when the catheter is inserted, but the procedure is generally well-tolerated due to sedation or anesthesia.
What are the risks associated with IVC filter placement?
Risks include:
- Bleeding: At the catheter insertion site or internally.
- Infection: At the insertion site.
- Filter Complications: Such as filter migration, perforation of the vena cava, or filter fracture.
- Blood Clots: In rare cases, the filter may not prevent clots effectively.